European Network For Smoking Prevention -ENSP Second-Hand Smoke (SHS) Markers Review of methods for monitoring exposure levels WITH THE SUPPORT OF THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION
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The Secondhand Smoke Exposure Scale (SHSES): A hair nicotine validated tool for assessing exposure to secondhand smoke among elderly adults in primary care
INTRODUCTION Accurate estimation of exposure to Secondhand Smoke (SHS) is important in both research and clinical practice. We aimed to develop, an easy to implement, biomarker validated scale to provide an estimation of adult exposure to SHS for use within primary health care or epidemiological research. METHODS A pool of 26 baseline questions evaluating exposure to SHS was administered to 178...
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Background One of the requirements of the Osun State smoke-free legislation is to ensure smoke-free enclosed and partially enclosed workplaces. This survey was conducted to assess the knowledge and attitude of workers in indoor bars, beer parlors and discotheques to smoke-free legislation in general and the Osun State smoke-free law in particular. Methods A convenience sampling of 36 hospital...
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Introduction: Educational attainment and poverty status are two strong socioeconomic status (SES) indicators that protect individuals against exposure to second-hand smoke. Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs), however, refer to smaller protective effects of SES indicators among ethnic minority groups such as Hispanics and Blacks, compared to non-Hispanic Whites. This...
متن کاملEnvironmental exposure assessment in European birth cohorts: results from the ENRIECO project
Environmental exposures during pregnancy and early life may have adverse health effects. Single birth cohort studies often lack statistical power to tease out such effects reliably. To improve the use of existing data and to facilitate collaboration among these studies, an inventory of the environmental exposure and health data in these studies was made as part of the ENRIECO (Environmental Hea...
متن کاملSecondhand Smoke Exposure in Hospitality Venues in Europe
BACKGROUND Although in the last few years some European countries have implemented smoking bans in hospitality venues, the levels of secondhand smoke (SHS) in this occupational sector could still be extremely high in most countries. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess exposure to SHS in hospitality venues in 10 European cities. METHODS We included 167 hospitality venues (58 discot...
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